Methotrexate was used as a standard drug for CIA. To determine whether IPA can be used to alleviate RA, we administered IPA to rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). ![]() We also treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with IPA to evaluate the effect on the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells or regulatory T (Treg) cells. The differential metabolites were screened with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics technology. Methods: A total of 14 patients with RA and 14 healthy volunteers were enrolled. This study aimed to reveal the effect and mechanism of IPA in RA. Indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) is a tryptophan (Trp) metabolite produced by the indole pathway and serves as a ligand of AhR. We considered that endogenous AhR ligands may exist in vivo that activate AhR to play a protective role. However, when we conducted a subgroup analysis, the expression of AhR and CYP1A1 in healthy people was higher than that in RA patients. ![]()
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